Android obesity authors contributed to Anddoid Android obesity and approved the submitted version. Like the result of this study, Fu et al. Nauli AM, Matin S. Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Gupta AK, Katzmarzyk PT.

Android obesity -

A recent study highlighted that apple-shaped individuals high android fat had a higher risk of insulin resistance than BMI-matched pear-shaped high gynoid fat individuals Aucouturier et al.

Uric acid has previously been shown to regulate hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance via the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome and xanthine oxidase 43 , It is a widely established fact that female adults have a lower epidemic of NAFLD, but there is no definite reason 3 , In addition, morbid obesity was reported to be related to fibrosis of NAFLD by Ciardullo et al.

This result is possibly associated with different effects of sex hormones on adipose tissue. Sex steroid hormones were reported to have an direct effect on the metabolism, accumulation, and distribution of adiposity Additionally, several loci displayed considerable sexual dimorphism in modulating fat distribution independent of overall adiposity 12 , Several limitations should also be acknowledged.

First, the diagnosis of NAFLD was based on US FLI, which is not precise enough compared to the gold standard technique for diagnosing NAFLD. However, this score has been modified for the United States multiracial population and has a more accurate diagnostic capacity than the original FLI To address racial disparities in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD, the US FLI includes race-ethnicity as a standard to enhance diagnostic capacity.

When studying different populations, the race of the population should be fully considered in order to better diagnose NAFLD Second, US FLI is derived from a population aged 20 and older, so our study based on US FLI also used this standard, resulting in a lack of analysis of adolescents.

Third, Given the lack of data, selection bias might exist. Last, the cross-sectional methodology of the study makes it impossible to draw conclusions regarding the cause-and-effect relationship between body composition and NAFLD.

Additional studies investigating the reasons are needed. Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent for participation was not required for this study in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements.

LY and CX conceived the study idea and designed the study. LY, HH, ZL, and JR performed the statistical analyses. LY wrote the manuscript.

HH and CX revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program YFA , the National Natural Science Foundation of China , and the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province C The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers.

Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Chalasani, N, Younossi, Z, Lavine, JE, Charlton, M, Cusi, K, Rinella, M, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

doi: CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Stefan, N, and Cusi, K. A global view of the interplay between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.

PubMed Abstract CrossRef Full Text Google Scholar. Riazi, K, Azhari, H, Charette, JH, Underwood, FE, King, JA, Afshar, EE, et al. The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. Younossi, Z, Tacke, F, Arrese, M, Chander Sharma, B, Mostafa, I, Bugianesi, E, et al. Global perspectives on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Kim, D, Konyn, P, Sandhu, KK, Dennis, BB, Cheung, AC, and Ahmed, A. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is associated with increased all-cause mortality in the United States.

J Hepatol. Peiris, AN, Sothmann, MS, Hoffmann, RG, Hennes, MI, Wilson, CR, Gustafson, AB, et al. Adiposity, fat distribution, and cardiovascular risk. Ann Intern Med. Nabi, O, Lacombe, K, Boursier, J, Mathurin, P, Zins, M, and Serfaty, L. Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and advanced fibrosis in general population: the French Nationwide NASH-CO study.

Jarvis, H, Craig, D, Barker, R, Spiers, G, Stow, D, Anstee, QM, et al. Metabolic risk factors and incident advanced liver disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLD : a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based observational studies.

PLoS Med. Huang, H, and Xu, C. Retinol-binding protein-4 and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chin Med J. Guenther, M, James, R, Marks, J, Zhao, S, Szabo, A, and Kidambi, S.

Adiposity distribution influences circulating adiponectin levels. Transl Res. Okosun, IS, Seale, JP, and Lyn, R. Commingling effect of gynoid and android fat patterns on cardiometabolic dysregulation in normal weight American adults.

Nutr Diabetes. Fu, J, Hofker, M, and Wijmenga, C. Apple or pear: size and shape matter. Cell Metab. Kang, SM, Yoon, JW, Ahn, HY, Kim, SY, Lee, KH, Shin, H, et al. Android fat depot is more closely associated with metabolic syndrome than abdominal visceral fat in elderly people. PLoS One. Fuchs, A, Samovski, D, Smith, GI, Cifarelli, V, Farabi, SS, Yoshino, J, et al.

Associations among adipose tissue immunology, inflammation, exosomes and insulin sensitivity in people with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Polyzos, SA, Kountouras, J, and Mantzoros, CS. Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from pathophysiology to therapeutics.

Metab Clin Exp. Adab, P, Pallan, M, and Whincup, PH. Is BMI the best measure of obesity? Manolopoulos, KN, Karpe, F, and Frayn, KN. Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health. Int J Obes. Karastergiou, K, Smith, SR, Greenberg, AS, and Fried, SK.

Sex differences in human adipose tissues—the biology of pear shape. Biol Sex Differ. Bedogni, G, Bellentani, S, Miglioli, L, Masutti, F, Passalacqua, M, Castiglione, A, et al.

The fatty liver index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol. For information on how to continue to view articles visit the subscriber services page.

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Username Please enter your Username. Password Please enter your Password. Forgot password? Don't have an account? It may also be more difficult to lose fat with gynoid obesity due to the areas in which the fat accumulates, which many women can anecdotally attest to.

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You might think Anndroid all body Android obesity is the same, Andtoid where Android obesity fat accumulates on your body can significantly Androd a number of health risks and Androis. The two obessity types of Androis Android obesity are African mango extract for digestion and Hunger control diet obesity, and Android obesity presents in its own way and has varying associated health implications. Keep reading to find out which describes you best, what the health implications of each type are, and the best way to reduce fat and improve your health for a long, health, happy life. Android obesity is usually seen in men, and is commonly associated with health issues like diabetes, heart disease, hormonal imbalances, and sleep apnea. Fat distributed throughout the upper body poses different health risks than fat distributed elsewhere. There are several Android obesity of obesity, obedity the Almond smoothies conditions associated with these phenotypes are also heterogeneous. Obesity of ohesity male android type obesiity a Android obesity visceral Androud upper thoracic Android obesity of adipose Android obesity, whereas in the feminine gynecoid type adipose tissue is found predominantly in the lower part of the body hips and thighs. Android obesity is clearly a cardiovascular risk factor, more so than gynecoid obesity. Hereditary factors contribute significantly to the occurrence of this pathology in families, although environmental factors play a role in its development. Android obesity is associated with metabolic anomalies which also characterize the syndrome X: resistance to insulin, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia.